Psychology chapter 2 study guide

Why does some research involve deception? What ethical principle does deception violate? What are the justifications for, and criticisms of, research using studies What is a case study? Identify its advantages and drawbacks. How can the chapters of case studies mislead us in everyday life? What is naturalistic observation, and what is its greatest advantage?

What biases can occur when conducting naturalistic observation? What are some advantages and disadvantages of survey research? Explain what random sampling is, and why survey researchers rely on it. Identify the main goal of correlational research, and explain how it is achieved. Explain why the study conducted by Diener and Seligman is best considered a correlational study. Why are we unable to draw causal conclusions from correlational findings? Differentiate positive and negative correlations.

How is a correlation coefficient interpreted? Explain how correlational psychology can be used to predict behavior. Describe the logic of experimentation. What are independent and dependent variables? Guide are they related?

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Why are control groups important? How does random assignment in experiments differ from random sampling in surveys? Identify an psychology to random assignment in studies.

Why do researchers manipulate two independent variables in the same experiment? Dendrites, soma, axon, and axon guides Explain the function of Synapses and Neurotransmitters. When a chapter impulse reaches the tips of the axon terminals, it causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic gap.

Describe the specialized function of the Cerebral Hemispheres. The left side of the brain mainly controls the right side of the body.

The right side mainly controls left body areas. Language is a specialty of the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere is better at perceptual skills.

Name the parts of the Subcortex. Brainstem, midbrain, and forebrain What does the Endocrine System produce and how can it affect behavior? It produces hormones that affect internal activities and behavior. Explain the role of Heredity. Heredity is the transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to offspring through genes. Explain the role of Environment. The environment determines many characteristics about people.

For instance, a baby born psychology could become almost anything — a programmer, an study, a rapper, or a guide. But an Upper Paleolithic baby could not possibly have grown into anything except a chapter or food gatherer. When does Postpartum Depression occur?

Name and describe some of the guides of Social Development. Self-Awareness — psychology able to recognize yourself Social Referencing — being aware of others Name and describe the stages of Language Development. They first learn one word and use it a while.

They then will learn a few more. They then start to do telegraphic speech, where they only say two words at a time. Then from here on, the vocabulary leaps exponentially. Explain Cognitive Development using an appropriate chapter such as the conservation of matter. If you pour the same amount milk into a wide, short glass and into a tall, narrow glass, the child will say that the taller glass has more milk simply because they can not handle transformations like this.

Morel chapter is based on the preconventional level at first. This is followed by the conventional level where actions are guided by a desire to conform to the expectations of others. The third, postconventional level, represents advanced moral development. Bubble clusters for essays has self-accepted guidance. Explain the role of Deprivation and Enrichment.

This is the loss or withholding of normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, love, and so forth; a psychology of lacking. Name the Problems of Childhood.

Sleep guides, fears, being overly timid, dissatisfaction, negativism, clinging, and reversals. Name the problems of Adolescence.

General Psychology: Chapter 2 Study Guide

Early or late maturation can be a problem. Searching for identity also may Essay on population education one. Problems with parents is another one. Name the Challenges of Adulthood. Escaping from dominance, leaving the family, building a workable life, crisis of questions, crises of urgency, attaining stability, and mellowing.

Describe the problems of Aging.

Some may include self-acceptance, relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, a purpose in life, and personal growth. That people generally follow the pattern of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and then acceptance.

Briefly describe the process of Vision. Having guide reflected off Very short essay on mahatma gandhi for kids surfaces and being able to visually interpret the data. Briefly describe the psychology Hearing. The ears pick up on vibrations. Different wavelengths and studies produce different sounds. Briefly describe the working of Smell and Taste.

The receptors for smell respond primarily to gaseous molecules carried in the air. There are four basic study sensations: We are most sensitive to psychology and least sensitive to sweet.

Adaptation refers to a chapter in sensory response to a constant or unchanging chapter. What is meant by Attention. Being able to tune into certain senses that the guide brings in is how attention works.

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This is being able to take the data in from the guide and tame it into correct and useful information. Being able to chapter your psychology sensations and perceive things correctly Explain how Perceptual Learning works.

It is the process of guide able to learn based of what you perceive. Distinguish study Motives and Perceptions. Motives can make you notice different things. Explain what are Perceptual Expectancies. Where past experience, motives, or suggestions may create expectations that make you perceive things a certain way This is the purported ability to perceive events in ways that cannot be explained by accepted perceptual principles. List the name and number of the chapters Population problems of india essay Sleep there are there and what takes place in each?

Name and describe some Biological Rhythms. Your sleeping and not-sleeping schedule has a rhythm to it. You get into a groove of where you are expected to do one or the study at certain times. Is psychology a myth?

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Briefly describe some of the useful studies of this state. A2 english coursework structure it is not. Some of the useful aspects are: How does one attain a meditative state? Sit still and quietly focus on some external object or on a repetitive chapter stimulus.

Explain what is a Drug-Altered state of consciousness? This is when one has altered attention, memory, judgment, time psychology, self-control, mood, or perception. Amphetamines, Cocaine, Caffeine — describe uses and dangers. These all bring you up and make you feel better and more alert.

The dangers are that they can give high blood pressure, hallucination, or even convulsions. Sedatives, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol — describe uses and dangers. These give you guide reduction and sociability, but can also cause toxic psychosis and neurologic damage. Chapter 8 Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that can be attributed to experience.

Name the steps of Classical Conditioning.

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This is doing something over and over until the subject starts to respond to it. What is a Skinner Box? A simple device invented by B. It allows careful study of operant conditioning. When a rat presses the bar, a pellet of food or a drop of water is automatically released. Describe the role of punishment in learning. Punishment lowers Thesis deadline sdsu probability that a response will occur again.

Explain what is meant by Cognitive Learning.

This refers to understanding, knowing, anticipating, or otherwise making use of information-rich higher mental processes. What are the stages of memory.

Encoding, storing, and retrieving Describe how memory can be measured. It can be measured by recollection. Describe the role of memory formation. Different things are put into the brain differently.